Sensory integration is the way in which messages received by the nerves and translated into appropriate behavioural responses and movement. Sensory processing disorder occurs when this translation does not result in the expected or appropriate behavioural response leading to a difficulty in executing day to day tasks. This could be due to either the sensory signals not being detected or not being processed correctly. Sensory processing disorder can either be present in an individual on its own or co-exist with other known conditions such as autism. Also, the condition can affect only one aspect of sensing e.g. touch or multiple areas. Although some of the peculiarities of this condition are similar to those of ADD/ADHD, they are different and should be treated differently.
A person with sensory processing disorder may either be hypersensitive (oversensitive) or hyposensitive (under-sensitive). Depending on what side the individual falls, typical signs of sensory processing disorder include:
The exact cause of sensory processing disorder is still being researched but as with other developmental conditions, there are suggestions that it is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Sensory processing disorder can be managed through therapy. Parents should keep track of their children’s developmental milestones and discuss any concerns with the child’s paediatrician.
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